High rates of gain and loss in shell sculpture explain why coarsely sculptured shells are predominantly found in Bellamyinae-clade A in several independent lineages, and not more extensively in clade B, which comprises various extinct species from the African Great Lakes that are renowned for their high shell disparity (see e.g., Van Damme and Pickford 1999 Salzburger et al. The total of 29 species characterised here represents, probably, only a subset of the global taxonomic richness of the radicine snails, which approaches 50 species. The latter was once thought to be a reliable tool for species delineation and identification in this snail group. We revealed a great conchological variation in the radicines, both intra-and interspecific, alongside with striking uniformity in the structure of their copulatory apparatuses. The colour images of shell(s) of each species are also given as well as illustrations of the copulatory apparatuses. For each species, the following information is provided: scientific name, a (non-exhaustive) list of synonyms, type locality, type materials, shell and copulative apparatus morphology, distribution, and nomenclatural and taxonomic remarks. The article represents an overview of 29 biological species of the radicine snails (recovered during our previous molecular taxonomic study (Aksenova et al. Given sufficient motivation, trade-offs between human and biodiversity needs can be optimized for greater long-term sustainability. More realistically, mitigative measures should instead focus on preserving or incorporating natural elements in freshwater ecosystems. Despite this, the importance of freshwater resources means that human exploitation of inland waters cannot be avoided entirely. In some cases, anthropogenic impacts on fresh waters may even trigger feedback mechanisms in which the causes and consequences are mutually reinforcing. For example, the projected effects of global climate change are likely to drive the intensification of habitat modification, exacerbate influx of pollutants and aggravate risks of biological invasions, among others. This will likely be exacerbated by the synergy between various anthropogenic impacts. SE Asia's fresh waters are expected to be under increasing pressure from the region's rapidly growing human population. This chapter focuses on changes due to anthropogenic activities, invasive fish species and changes in biodiversity in freshwater lakes and rivers in South East Asia. This provides a basis to formally revise this taxon and the seven closely related nominal species that are widely distributed in China and East Asia. Using data on molecular phylogenetics, genetic diversity and shell morphology, we provide a more inclusive species concept for S. Shell shape variation shows no clear separations and shows environmental plasticity. Genetic and shape variations were not congruent, suggesting that minor variations in shell shape do not indicate distinct Sinotaia species. quadrata populations in both China and Japan. We used microsatellite markers and landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis to examine the genetic differentiation and shell shape variation of S. The combination of phylogenetic and shape variance data suggests that seven currently recognized species of Sinotaia should be synonymized with S. We also compared the shell outline morphology of type material of most species in the genus Sinotaia from the original literature. quadrata based on the 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes to test which classifications are robust using modern data and interpretation. To clarify relationships in this common and significant member of the freshwater benthos, we reconstructed a phylogeny for species related to S. Sinotaia quadrata, the type species of Sinotaia, comprises many named forms and transitions between them, and the taxonomic validity of some species similar to S. The taxonomy of species in the caenogastropod genus Sinotaia (Viviparidae: Bellamyinae) has been a complex and controversial issue since the 19th century.
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